In the world of amateur radio, more and more enthusiasts are experimenting with so-called QRP operation, which involves communication using low-power transceivers operating at only 5-10 watts. Surprisingly, these power levels are often lower than an average LED lamp, yet it is possible to make contacts worldwide.
What is QRP radio operation?
The goal of QRP radio operation is to achieve successful radio communications with minimal energy investment. The true joy lies in the challenge and the satisfaction of the accomplishments.
Main characteristics:
- Transmit power of 5 watts or less.
- Efficient antenna use.
- Easily portable transceiver equipment.
- Minimal infrastructure.
Where do QRP operators transmit from?
They often seek high locations to maximize the benefits of the terrain:
- Mountaintops
- Hills
- National parks
- Seashores
- Clearings in forests
These activities often take place within programs like SOTA (Summits On The Air) and POTA (Parks On The Air), where participants collect points for their activations.
How do they communicate with such low power?
Morse code (CW)
Morse code signals are particularly effective for weak signals, as they require much less bandwidth and the human brain can recognize rhythmic patterns even in noisy environments.
Voice (SSB)
Less frequently, but voice transmission (Single Side Band, or SSB) is also used, which requires more bandwidth but can be effective under favorable conditions.
Digital modes (e.g., FT8)
Newer techniques like FT8 are specifically designed for weak-signal communication. FT8 is highly efficient, capable of reliably decoding signals even at levels below -20 dB.
What do you need for QRP communication?
- Lightweight, portable transceiver (e.g., Elecraft KX2, Yaesu FT-818, Icom IC-705)
- Simple antenna (e.g., long wire, dipole, foldable yagi)
- Battery power (LiFePO4 batteries)
- Laptop or tablet, if preparing for digital transmission
What attracts people to the world of QRP?
- Challenge experience: Creating distant contacts with minimal power is a true art.
- Closeness to nature: Combining radio operation with hiking.
- Minimalism: Achieving maximum efficiency with minimal equipment.
- Technical challenge: Building efficient antennas, fine-tuning signal processing.
Conclusion
QRP radio operation is a magical world where performance is measured not in watts but in creativity, perseverance, and skill. With a 5-watt transceiver and a well-chosen location, it is easy to reach distant parts of the world, gaining not only technical but also natural experiences.
